Infertility
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse — or 6 months if the woman is over 35. It affects approximately 1 in 7 couples and has many treatable causes. An early evaluation of both partners gives the best chance of finding the right treatment.
When should you consult a doctor?
- You have been trying for 12 months without success (under 35 years of age).
- You have been trying for 6 months without success (over 35 years of age).
- You have irregular or absent periods, or a known condition such as PCOS or endometriosis.
- You have had a previous pelvic infection, surgery, or an ectopic pregnancy.
- Your partner has had a semen analysis showing abnormal results.
Common Causes of Infertility
In Women
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) — affects ovulation
- Endometriosis — tissue growing outside the uterus
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Uterine fibroids or polyps
- Thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism)
- Elevated prolactin levels
- Age-related decline in egg quantity and quality
- Premature ovarian insufficiency
In Men
- Low sperm count (oligospermia)
- Poor sperm motility
- Abnormal sperm morphology
- Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum)
- Hormonal imbalances
- Previous infections or injury
In roughly 40% of couples, a male factor is identified. We always assess both partners.
Diagnostic Evaluation
The investigation typically begins with a detailed history and examination, followed by targeted tests:
For Women
- Pelvic ultrasound — ovarian reserve, follicle tracking
- Hormone panel: FSH, LH, AMH, TSH, Prolactin
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG) — tubal patency
- Diagnostic laparoscopy when indicated
- Hysteroscopy for uterine cavity assessment
For Men
- Semen analysis — count, motility, morphology
- Hormonal tests if indicated
Treatment Options at Dhande Hospital
- Ovulation induction — oral or injectable medications to stimulate regular ovulation in women with PCOS or irregular cycles.
- Laparoscopic surgery — to diagnose and treat endometriosis, remove ovarian cysts, unblock fallopian tubes, or remove fibroids affecting fertility.
- Hysteroscopy — to identify and remove uterine polyps, adhesions, or a septum that may prevent implantation.
- Fallopian tube reattachment — for women who had a tubectomy and wish to reverse it.
- IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) — performed in-house, placing prepared sperm directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation to improve the chance of conception. Often combined with ovulation induction.
- Referral for IVF — where IVF is required, we coordinate referrals to assisted reproduction specialists.
Treatment timelines vary depending on the underlying cause. Some couples respond to medication within a few cycles; others may need surgery or specialist referral. We will guide you through each step with a clear plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is infertility always a female problem?
No. Male factors account for infertility in roughly 40% of cases, and in many couples both partners contribute. That is why we always evaluate both the man and the woman before recommending any treatment.
Can PCOS cause infertility?
Yes. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) disrupts ovulation, which is a key step in conception. It is one of the most common causes of female infertility — and one of the most treatable. Medications to induce ovulation are effective for many women with PCOS.
Does laparoscopy help with infertility?
Yes. Laparoscopy is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for infertility. It can identify conditions such as endometriosis, blocked tubes, pelvic adhesions, and ovarian cysts — and often treat them in the same procedure. Dr. Neelima Dhande has over 30 years of laparoscopic surgical experience.
How long does infertility treatment take?
It depends entirely on the cause. A woman with PCOS may conceive within a few cycles of ovulation induction. A couple requiring laparoscopic surgery may need a recovery period before attempting conception. We will discuss realistic timelines after your initial evaluation.
Do you offer IUI or IVF at Dhande Hospital?
We perform IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) in-house, along with the complete diagnostic workup and treatment of correctable causes. IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) itself is not performed at Dhande Hospital — where it is required, we coordinate referrals to specialist IVF centres.